With the rise of a new wave of technological revolution, how changes in employment structure and skill demand caused by robot adoption affect retirement decisions of middle-aged and older workers has become a pressing issue under the context of population aging. This paper uses data from the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, combined with robot installation data from the International Federation of Robotics, to examine the impact of robot adoption on delayed retirement intentions among middle-aged and older workers. The results show that robot adoption significantly reduces both the willingness to delay retirement and the intended duration of delayed retirement. Robot adoption makes low-skilled older workers more likely to experience "skill depreciation" due to reduced training opportunities and weaker training motivation. At the same time, robot adoption lowers the employment quality of low-skilled older workers, thereby further weakening their willingness to delay retirement. Moreover, younger cohorts, women, and individuals in poor health are more sensitive to the robot shock. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the labor market consequences of automation and provide policy insights for promoting inclusive technological transitions and advancing retirement policy reform in the context of population aging.